: A timeless set of "signposts" (freedom from hunger, thirst, discomfort, pain, and fear) often used as a baseline for animal care [9, 13].
Animal welfare is a science-based and ethics-driven framework concerned with the of animals under human care. The central premise is that humans have a moral obligation to treat animals humanely—to avoid unnecessary suffering and to provide for their basic physical and mental needs. Importantly, the welfare position does not inherently oppose the use of animals for food, research, work, or entertainment, provided that such use is conducted with care, minimal pain, and reasonable living conditions. monica mattos the infamous horse scene bestiality link