If you set fuses incorrectly (especially RSTDISBL or SPIEN), the ATMEGA162 becomes . Recovery requires a high-voltage parallel programmer (e.g., AVR Dragon), which most hobbyists don’t own.
In 2021, Ross-Tech explicitly updated their EULA to classify any reverse engineering or reflashing of their firmware as a violation of the DMCA (in the US) and Copyright Directive (in the EU). Several vendors on eBay and AliExpress were sued or permanently banned. vcds atmega162 reflash 2021
: Use the programmer to write the specific .hex (Flash) and .eep (EEPROM) files for the version of VCDS you intend to use. If you set fuses incorrectly (especially RSTDISBL or
avrdude -c usbasp -p m162 -U lfuse:r:-:h -U hfuse:r:-:h vcds atmega162 reflash 2021