In 1890, Joseph Conrad took a job as a steamer captain for a Belgian trading company in the Congo Free State. What he witnessed there—extreme brutality, systemic exploitation under King Leopold II’s rule, and the devastating "Scramble for Africa"—shook him to his core. Conrad fell dangerously ill and returned to Europe physically and mentally scarred, eventually turning his travel journals into the novella published in 1899. A Summary of the Tale
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: Conrad uses the journey of Charlie Marlow to expose the "civilizing mission" of Europeans as a hypocritical façade for greed, violence, and ivory theft.